The removal of a portion of a colon or colectomy addresses many benign (polyps, sigmoiditis) or malignant (cancer) diseases. The goal of the operation is to remove a segment of the diseased colon while preserving the remainder of the colon which is healthy. Depending on the portion of colon that is removed, we speak of right, transverse, left, sigmoid colectomy. The entire colon can be removed, in this case we speak of total colectomy, if the disease and / or its level of extension justify it. Restoring digestive continuity, called an anastomosis, can be done manually or with mechanical forceps. The anastomosis carried out bears the name of the digestive segments placed in continuity: ileo-colic, colocolic or colo-rectal anastomosis. A temporary diversion (artificial anus: ileostomy or colostomy) may sometimes be necessary, in particular during an emergency operation (occlusion, or perforation peritonitis), or during anastomosis at higher risk of fistula.
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